| General |
| Dependant Objects |
| trigger$
|
dba_triggers |
all_triggers |
user_triggers |
|
| System Privileges |
create trigger
create any trigger
administer database trigger -- required for ON DATABASE
alter any trigger
drop any trigger |
DDL Trigger - Triggering Operations |
BEFORE / AFTER ALTER
BEFORE / AFTER ANALYZE
BEFORE / AFTER ASSOCIATE STATISTICS
BEFORE / AFTER AUDIT
BEFORE / AFTER COMMENT
BEFORE / AFTER CREATE
BEFORE / AFTER DDL
BEFORE / AFTER DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS
BEFORE / AFTER DROP
BEFORE / AFTER GRANT
BEFORE / AFTER NOAUDIT
BEFORE / AFTER RENAME
BEFORE / AFTER REVOKE
BEFORE / AFTER TRUNCATE
AFTER SUSPEND |
| Database Level Event Triggers |
SELECT a.obj#,
a.sys_evts, b.name
FROM trigger$ a,obj$ b
WHERE a.sys_evts > 0
AND a.obj#=b.obj#
AND baseobject = 0; |
| Schema Level Event Triggers |
SELECT a.obj#,
a.sys_evts, b.name
FROM trigger$ a,obj$ b
WHERE a.sys_evts > 0
AND a.obj#=b.obj#
AND baseobject = 88; |
| |
| Demo Table |
Demo User |
GRANT create session TO uwclass;
GRANT create procedure TO uwclass;
GRANT create sequence TO uwclass;
GRANT create table TO uwclass;
GRANT create trigger TO uwclass;
GRANT create view TO uwclass;
GRANT select ON gv_$open_cursor TO uwclass;
CONN uwclass/uwclass |
| Table To Capture DDL Trigger Output |
CREATE TABLE ddl_log (
operation VARCHAR2(30),
obj_owner VARCHAR2(30),
object_name VARCHAR2(30),
sql_text VARCHAR2(64),
attempt_by VARCHAR2(30),
attempt_dt DATE); |
| |
| DDL Triggers |
Trigger To Log A Single DDL Activity On A Schema |
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER <trigger_name>
<BEFORE | AFTER> <triggering_action>
ON <SCHEMA | DATABASE>
DECLARE
-- variable declarations
BEGIN
-- trigger code
EXCEPTION
-- exception handler
END <trigger_name>;
/ |
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER bcs_trigger
BEFORE CREATE
ON SCHEMA
DECLARE
oper ddl_log.operation%TYPE;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO ddl_log
SELECT ora_sysevent, ora_dict_obj_owner,
ora_dict_obj_name, NULL, USER, SYSDATE
FROM dual;
END bcs_trigger;
/
col object_name format a20
SELECT object_name, object_type
FROM user_objects;
col triggering_event format a20
SELECT trigger_name, trigger_type,
triggering_event, base_object_type
FROM user_triggers;
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
CREATE SEQUENCE s1_test;
CREATE TABLE t1_test (
testcol VARCHAR2(20));
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW v_test AS
SELECT * FROM t_test;
set linesize 150
SELECT operation, obj_owner, object_name
FROM ddl_log;
TRUNCATE TABLE ddl_log;
conn system/manager
CREATE TABLE uwclass.xyz (
testcol VARCHAR2(20));
conn uwclass/uwclass
SELECT operation, obj_owner, object_name
FROM ddl_log;
TRUNCATE TABLE ddl_log; |
| |
Trigger To Log A Single DDL Activity On The
Database |
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER <trigger_name>
<BEFORE | AFTER> <triggering_action>
ON <SCHEMA | DATABASE>
DECLARE
-- variable declarations
BEGIN
-- trigger code
EXCEPTION
-- exception handler
END <trigger_name>;
/ |
conn system/manager
GRANT administer database trigger TO uwclass;
conn uwclass/uwclass
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER bcd_trigger
BEFORE CREATE
ON DATABASE
DECLARE
oper ddl_log.operation%TYPE;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO ddl_log
SELECT ora_sysevent, ora_dict_obj_owner,
ora_dict_obj_name, NULL, USER, SYSDATE
FROM dual;
END bcd_trigger;
/
col object_name format a20
SELECT object_name, object_type
FROM user_objects;
col triggering_event format a20
SELECT trigger_name, trigger_type,
triggering_event, base_object_type
FROM user_triggers;
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
CREATE SEQUENCE s2_test;
CREATE TABLE t2_test (
testcol VARCHAR2(20));
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW v_test AS
SELECT * FROM t_test;
set linesize 150
SELECT operation, obj_owner, object_name
FROM ddl_log;
TRUNCATE TABLE ddl_log;
conn system/manager
CREATE TABLE uwclass.xyz (
testcol VARCHAR2(20));
conn uwclass/uwclass
SELECT operation, obj_owner, object_name
FROM ddl_log;
DROP TRIGGER bcd_trigger;
TRUNCATE TABLE ddl_log; |
| |
Trigger To Log Multiple DDL Activities |
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER <trigger_name>
<BEFORE | AFTER> <triggering_action> OR <trigger_action>
ON SCHEMA
DECLARE
-- variable declarations
BEGIN
-- trigger code
EXCEPTION
-- exception handlers
END <trigger_name>;
/ |
desc ddl_log
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER
ddl_trigger
BEFORE CREATE OR ALTER OR DROP
ON SCHEMA
DECLARE
oper ddl_log.operation%TYPE;
sql_text ora_name_list_t;
i PLS_INTEGER;
BEGIN
SELECT ora_sysevent
INTO oper
FROM dual;
i := sql_txt(sql_text);
IF oper IN ('CREATE',
'DROP') THEN
INSERT INTO ddl_log
SELECT ora_sysevent, ora_dict_obj_owner,
ora_dict_obj_name, sql_text(1), USER, SYSDATE
FROM dual;
ELSIF oper = 'ALTER' THEN
INSERT INTO ddl_log
SELECT ora_sysevent, ora_dict_obj_owner,
ora_dict_obj_name, sql_text(1), USER, SYSDATE
FROM sys.gv_$sqltext
WHERE UPPER(sql_text) LIKE 'ALTER%'
AND UPPER(sql_text) LIKE '%NEW_TABLE%';
END IF;
END ddl_trigger;
/
col operation format a20
col obj_owner format a10
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
conn / as sysdba
alter system flush shared_pool;
alter system flush shared_pool;
conn uwclass/uwclass
CREATE TABLE new_table (
charcol VARCHAR(20));
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
ALTER TABLE new_table
ADD (numbcol NUMBER(10));
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
DROP TABLE new_table PURGE;
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
TRUNCATE TABLE ddl_log; |
| |
DDL Trigger To Stop And Log Attempts To Drop Or
Truncate
Requires the stored procedure below is created first |
-- NOTE: Be sure to build the log_proc procedure (below)
-- before trying to create this trigger
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER
save_our_db
BEFORE DROP OR TRUNCATE
ON SCHEMA
DECLARE
oper ddl_log.operation%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT ora_sysevent
INTO oper
FROM dual;
log_proc(ora_sysevent,
ora_dict_obj_owner, ora_dict_obj_name);
IF oper = 'DROP' THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20998, 'Attempt To Drop
In Production Has Been Logged');
ELSIF oper = 'TRUNCATE' THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20999, 'Attempt To Truncate A
Production Table Has Been Logged');
END IF;
END save_our_db;
/
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
DROP TRIGGER ddl_trigger;
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
ALTER TRIGGER save_our_db DISABLE;
DROP TRIGGER ddl_trigger;
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
TRUNCATE TABLE ddl_log;
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
ALTER TRIGGER save_our_db ENABLE;
DROP VIEW v_test;
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
SELECT object_name FROM user_objects;
DROP SEQUENCE v1_test;
SELECT * FROM ddl_log;
SELECT object_name FROM user_objects;
DROP TRIGGER save_our_db;
TRUNCATE TABLE ddl_log; |
Logging Procedure |
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE log_proc (
ose ddl_log.operation%TYPE,
odoo ddl_log.obj_owner%TYPE,
odon ddl_log.object_name%TYPE)
IS
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO ddl_log
SELECT ora_sysevent, ora_dict_obj_owner,
ora_dict_obj_name, 'Not Allowed', USER, SYSDATE
FROM dual;
COMMIT;
END log_proc;
/ |
| |
DDL Trigger To Prevent Creating Objects That Whose
Names Begin With The Letter 'X' |
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER no_xtabs
BEFORE CREATE
ON SCHEMA
DECLARE
x user_tables.table_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT ora_dict_obj_name
INTO x
FROM dual;
IF SUBSTR(x, 1, 1) = 'X' THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20099, 'Table Names Can Not
Start With The
Letter X');
END IF;
END no_xtabs;
/
CREATE TABLE ztest (
testcol VARCHAR2(20));
CREATE TABLE xtest (
testcol VARCHAR2(20)); |
| |
Demo of an application that identifies and logs all DDL |
conn / as sysdba
CREATE TABLESPACE logging
DATAFILE 'c: emp\logtsp01.dbf' SIZE 100M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
UNIFORM SIZE 64K;
CREATE USER loguser
IDENTIFIED BY loguser
DEFAULT TABLESPACE logging
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
QUOTA 0 ON SYSTEM
QUOTA UNLIMITED ON logging;
-- Note that no system privileges have been granted
-- the table is being built by SYS
CREATE TABLE loguser.ddl_log (
user_name VARCHAR2(30),
ddl_date DATE,
ddl_type VARCHAR2(30),
object_type VARCHAR2(18),
owner VARCHAR2(30),
object_name VARCHAR2(128))
TABLESPACE logging;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ddl_trig
AFTER DDL
ON DATABASE
BEGIN
INSERT INTO loguser.ddl_log
(user_name, ddl_date, ddl_type,
object_type, owner,
object_name)
VALUES
(ora_login_user, SYSDATE, ora_sysevent,
ora_dict_obj_type, ora_dict_obj_owner,
ora_dict_obj_name);
END ddl_trig;
/
conn uwclass/uwclass
CREATE TABLE t3_test (
testcol DATE);
conn / as sysdba
SELECT * FROM loguser.ddl_log; |
| |
Disable granting privileges to PUBLIC |
GRANT ALL ON servers
TO SCOTT;
GRANT ALL ON servers TO PUBLIC;
REVOKE ALL ON servers FROM SCOTT;
REVOKE ALL ON servers FROM PUBLIC;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ddl_trig
BEFORE GRANT
ON DATABASE
DECLARE
g_list dbms_standard.ora_name_list_t;
n PLS_INTEGER;
BEGIN
n := ora_grantee(g_list);
FOR i IN 1..n LOOP
IF g_list(i) = 'PUBLIC' THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20997,'Public
Grants Not Allowed');
END IF;
END LOOP;
END;
/
set serveroutput on
GRANT ALL ON servers TO SCOTT;
GRANT ALL ON servers TO PUBLIC;
REVOKE ALL ON servers FROM SCOTT;
REVOKE ALL ON servers FROM PUBLIC; |
